Software and Hardware System Requirements for a Project

Chapter 5Requirement AnalysisThe chapter describe security model demand and which is categorised on the footing of user interaction and specification of package and hardware demand. Besides its overview regulations assign to the assorted user. 5.1 Software RequirementNameDetailssOperating SystemWindows XP and UpperDatabase ServerMySql, XMLFront EndNetbeans 7.2, JSP, Java SDK 6.0Application ServerTomcat 6.0BrowserIE 5.0 and Upper or Mozilla, Google ChromeTable No 4.1 Software Requirement 5.2Hardware RequirementNameDetailssProcessorPentium IV and supra.Random-access memory256MB and aboveHard Drive40 GBNetworkLocal area networkTable No 4.2 Software Requirement 5.3High Level Process Diagrams A high degree description of the demands of the undertaking is to manage specific defined maps utilizing a common platform, whilst other maps for content, enrollment, individuality direction, and increasing security to single applications will be outside the range of the undertaking and this range is detailed in the diagram below: Figure 5.1: Scope of the Undertaking This stage of the undertaking will cover individual factor hallmark and will merely capture username and watchword to authenticate a website user. The demands are split into four subdivisions:Generic demandsSelf disposal functionalityDelegated disposal functionalityHelp Desk disposal.The generic demands will embrace certain facets that are generic across the ego disposal and delegated disposal functionality. The undertaking will present the following generic demands for self disposal and delegated disposal: Figure 5.2: Generic demands for self disposal and delegated disposal The undertaking will present the following self disposal functionality: Figure 5.3: Self disposal functionality The undertaking will besides present the followers delegated disposal functionality: Figure 5.4: Delegated disposal functionality There will besides be the undermentioned Help Desk disposal functionality that will be delivered by the undertaking: Figure 5.5: Aid Desk disposal functionality5.4 User groupsUser groupDescriptionExternal web site userAn external web site visitant to any web site or applicationAdministratorAn internal decision maker who will hold the capableness to supply entree direction to application specific external web site usersHelp Desk AdministratorAn internal decision maker who will hold the capableness to back up the security model and users of the modelTable No 5.3: User Groups5.5 Requirements5.5.1 Generic demandsGEN-0011-Rule-2For Self disposal and decision maker for delegated disposal enrollment signifiers, the information Fieldss must be blank on first burden of the signifier.GEN-0011-Rule-3The system will non auto-generate usernames for decision makers for delegated disposal. The usernames will be entered manually.GEN-0011-Rule-4When the web site user receives the invitation electronic mail and clicks the URL to lade the enrollment signifier, the username on the signifier will be pre-populated and n ot-editable.GEN-0011-Rule-5Auto-complete must be set to murder.GEN-0011-Rule-6Password and replies to security inquiries must be obscured.GEN-0011-Rule-7The username can non be an email reference.GEN-0011-Rule-8The website user must put up 4 security inquiries, of which 2 will be indiscriminately shown during future hallmark procedures.GEN-0011-Rule-9Security replies must non:Be cleanRepeat replies across the inquiriesBe individual figure or character repliesGEN-0011-Rule-10The replies to the security inquiries will be a minimal 3 alphameric characters, with a maximal 20 alphameric characters and must non incorporate the undermentioned particular characters:â€Å" ! ? $ % ? / or @GEN-0011-Rule-11Website users will merely be registered for applications/websites within a pre-defined group, i.e. for either BHW applications or international applicationsGEN-0011-Rule-12The format of the username will be a minimal 6 alphameric characters, with a upper limit of 20 alphameric characters an d must non incorporate the undermentioned particular characters:â€Å" ! ? $ % ? / or @The username will be instance sensitive.GEN-0011-Rule-13The format of the watchword will be a minimal 8 alphameric characters, with a upper limit of 20 alphameric characters and must be instance sensitive.GEN-0011-Note-1:The application specific demands for informations gaining control are non documented in this DBRS and will be documented at the application specific degree.GEN-0011-Note-2:The signifier will non capture opt-in /opt-out for selling intents. This will be done at application degree and non at the security degree.GEN-0011-Note-3:Website users will be able to register for specific merchandises at an application degree.GEN-0011-Note-4:The website user will merely be able to take a security inquiry one time from the list, i.e. the inquiry selected in ‘Security inquiry 1’ will non look in the dropdown for ‘Security inquiry 2’ and so on.GEN-0011-Note-5:Any indivi duality inside informations, i.e. name and reference, will be captured at an application degree.GEN-0012Send electronic mail verification on successful enrollment to the web site userGEN-0012-Note-1:A concern determination has been made to go on with the preferable option that does non necessitate email confirmation and therefore to merely hold one measure enrollment. The website users will have an electronic mail corroborating that they have registered successfully.GEN-0012-Note-2: Without capturing more informations on the enrollment signifier, any electronic mails that are sent will non be customised to the website user and the salute will be ‘Dear User.’GEN-0013Post log-in, all designated assets ( pages ) will be protected by the Security Platform.GEN-0020The watchword strength must be either medium or strong and must be displayed on the undermentioned signifiers:RegistrationChange watchwordSecurity inside informationsGEN-0020-Rule-1Mandatory ( 1 point each and a en tire 2 points in the marking mechanism )Minimum of8 characters in lengthMaximum of 20 characters in lengthA combination of letters and at least 1 figureOptional ( 1 point each )At least one particular character from this list @ , # , $ , ^ , & A ; , _ , ~ , –A mixture of upper and lower instance lettersPoints scoredDisplay& lt ; = 2Weak ( Red saloon )3Medium ( Amber saloon )4Strong ( Green saloon )GEN-0020-Rule-2The watchword strength saloon will expose the coloring material and besides the diction to follow with the Accessibility criterionsGEN-0020-Rule-3On page burden the watchword strength index will be clean.GEN-0030The enrollment signifier must incorporate Captcha functionalityGEN-0030-Rule-1The Captcha functionality must follow with the Accessibility criterionsGEN-0030-Rule-2The Captcha functionality must be instance sensitive.GEN-0040Provide registered website users with the ability to login to an application or merchandise on any web site that has migrated to the Secu rity FrameworkGEN-0040-Note-1:While the website user will be able to login to any web site or application, they may be required to register for each merchandise at an application degree.GEN-0050Website users must be able to reset their watchword through disregarded watchword functionalityGEN-0050-Rule-1The website users must reply 2 security inquiry ( s ) right to reset their watchword.GEN-0050-Rule-2The 2 inquiries will be displayed indiscriminately for the set of 4 inquiries answered on initial enrollment.GEN-0060Website users must be able to recover their username through disregarded username functionality to reconstruct their ability to log in.GEN-0060-Rule-1An electronic mail will be generated incorporating the website user’s username.GEN-0070A website users account will be locked if the website user exceeds the maximal figure of login efforts or fails to reply their security inquiries rightGEN-0070-Rule-1There should be 2 error messages:For inputting incorrect inside in formations, e.g. username and watchwordFor history lockupGEN-0070-Note-1:The figure of login efforts and replying of security inquiries should be set to 3 efforts, so the history is locked and an enlightening mistake message is displayed.GEN-0070-Note-2:For the history unlock procedure, web site users will be advised to reach the Help Desk in order to unlock their history.GEN-0070-Note-2:There will be three history lock out periods. The first two lockouts will be impermanent and last for 20 proceedingss. The concluding lockout will be lasting and necessitate Helpdesk to unlock the history.GEN-0080The system must be able to run out a web site users password at a specified interval, e.g. monthlyPremise:The watchword termination will be set at a generic degree and if an application requires an alternate watchword termination policy, this must be applied at the application specific degreeGEN-0090The system must be able to stop a user session after a specified period of inaction on the w eb site.GEN-0090-Rule-1The in agreement length of clip for the period of inaction must be set across the platform and non at application degree.GEN-0090-Rule-2The inaction timeout will be configured to 20 proceedingss.GEN-0100Functionality must be provided to let the website user to log out of the Security Framework.GEN-0100-Note-1:The logout user journey will be an application degree specific user journey.GEN-0100-Note-2:This will be locally configurable for each concern unit.GEN-0110Provide individual sign-on capableness such that when a website user registries for one web site or application, they are able to login to another web site or application.GEN-0110-Note-1:While the website user will be able to login to any web site or application, they may be required to register for each merchandise at an application degree.GEN-0120The system should supply scrutinizing and describing functionality of both self disposal web site users and delegated disposal web site users.GEN-0120-Note- 1: This functionality will be provided to the Help Desk Administrators as a portion of the Oracle Identity and Access merchandise suite.GEN-0120-Note-2:Any web analytical coverage will be provided through the Omniture toolGEN-0130The system should supply scrutinizing and describing functionality of the decision makers using the delegated disposal toolsGEN-0130-Note-1: This functionality will be provided to the Help Desk Administrators as a portion of the Oracle Identity and Access merchandise suite.GEN-0130-Note-2:Any web analytical coverage will be provided through the Omniture toolGEN-0140The concern units should supply an attack and procedure for managing website users concerned with possible history via media, whether this be via electronic mail or via a Call CentreGEN-0150The system must dispute an terminal user when they:Attempt to entree unauthorized contentAttempt to entree via a bookmark when already logged outGEN-0160The system shall be capable of observing that a user is logging in a 2nd clip from a different topographic point, in which instance the installation should be configurable to reject the 2nd session, end the bing session, or permit coincident Sessionss.Table No.5.4: Generic demands5.5.2 Self disposal demandsRqt No.DescriptionSource/OwnerPrecedenceSA-0020Provide registered and logged in website users with self disposal capablenesss to alter their generic security inside informationsSA-0020-Rule-1A website user must be able to amend the undermentioned security inside informations:Email referencePasswordSecurity inquiries and repliesSA-0020-Rule-1A website user will non be able to amend the username.SA-0020-Note-1:Any application or merchandise specific informations will be amended at application or merchandise degree and as such will non be documented in this DBRS and will be documented at the application specific degree.SA-0021The system must direct an electronic mail to the registered web site user when an amendment has been made to their inside informationsSA-0021-Rule-1The electronic mail must province which inside informations have been amended, butnonwhat the inside informations have been changed from or to.SA-0021-Rule-2If the web site user has amended their electronic mail reference, the system must direct an electronic mail to the old and new electronic mail references advising of the amendment.SA-0021-Note-1:This electronic mail will besides incorporate instructional text for the web site users in instance they are concerned that their history has been compromised.Table No. 5.5: Self disposal demands5.5.3Delegated disposal demandsRqt No.DescriptionSource/OwnerPrecedenceDA-0010Provide decision makers with delegated disposal capablenesss to make an history for external web site usersDA-0010-Rule-1decision makers will merely be able to register Website users for applications/websites within a pre-defined group, i.e. for either BHW applications or international applications.DA-0010-Rule-1decision makers will non be able to utilize the same username across pre-defined groups as the username must be alone.DA-0011Provide decision makers with the ability to advise website users of their enrollment inside informations via an invitation electronic mailDA-0011-Rule-1The point at which the invitation electronic mail is sent to the website user will be configurable for each application, i.e. the electronic mail may be sent when the user has been created by the decision maker or at a ulterior phase following updating of application specific history inside informations.DA-0012Provide decision makers with delegated disposal capablenesss to modify an bing history electronic mail referenceDA-0012-Rule-1The system must direct an electronic mail to the registered web site user when an amendment has been made to their inside informations by the decision maker.DA-0012-Note-1:The decision maker will merely be able to modify the electronic mail reference for an history.DA-0013Provide decision makers with the ability to seek for an bing web site user by username and/or electronic mail.DA-0013-Rule-1The hunt capableness will be application degree particular and will non return users non registered for that application.DA-0014Provide decision makers with delegated disposal capablenesss to disenable and enable an bing history from the applicationDA-0014-Rule-1The decision maker will merely be able to disenable an bing history from the specific application the decision maker is logged into. The decision maker will merely be able to enable an history if it has antecedently been disabled from the application.DA-0014-Rule-2Presentment must be sent to the Help Desk decision makers when a user has been disabled for a specific application.DA-0014-Rule-3Presentment must be sent to the bing user when their application particular history has been enabled.DA-0015Provide decision makers with the ability to re-send an invitation electronic mail to a website user during the URL expiry period and post the URL expiry period.DA-0015-Rule-1This functionality will merely be available if the web site user has non logged in and completed their profile for the first clip.DA-0015-Rule-2If the invitation is re-sent during the expiry period, so the URL from the initial electronic mail will be invalid and the expiry period will be resetDA-0020Invitation electronic mails from the delegated decision maker must incorporate the undermentioned information for the website user:User nameEncrypted URL to automatically log the user into their historyDA-0020-Rule-1The URL will run out on first successful usage and the website user must alter the watchword, enter their personal inside informations, select the security inquiries and input their replies to their chosen security inquiries on loginDA-0020-Rule-2The fresh URL should be expired after a configurable clip period and the recommendation is that this is less than 2 hebdomads.DA-0020-Rule-3As a lower limit the watchword must be encrypted.DA-0030Hard transcript invitations could be sent from the delegated decision maker and must incorporate the undermentioned information for the website user:User nameImpermanent watchwordFriendly URLDA-0030-Rule-1The impermanent watchword will run out on first usage and the website user must alter the watchword, enter their personal inside informations, select the security inquiries and input their replies to their chosen security inquiries on loginDA-0030-Note-1:The ability to capture reference inside informations for poster of the difficult transcript invitations has non been captured in this DBRS and will be documented at the application specific degree.DA-0030-Note-2:The concern procedure for the despatching of the difficult transcript invitation is out of range of the Security Platform and must be put in topographic point by the concern unitsDA-0040Provide decision makers with the screens and functionality for the delegated disposal which will be deployed at an application specific degree.DA-0060Provide decision makers with the ability to re-enable a user that has antecedently been disabled from the applicationDA-0070Provide decision makers with the ability to seek for handicapped users by username or electronic mail.Table No 5.6: Delegated disposal demands5.5.4Help desk disposal demandsRqt No.DescriptionSYS-0010Provide Help Desk decision makers with the ability to:Search for an historyModify an historyDisable an historyEnable an historyDe-register an history from the security modelRe-register an history on the security modelDe-register an history from an applicationRe-register an history to an applicationUnlock an historyReset watchwordUpload users in majoritySYS-0010-Rule-1The Help Desk decision makers will be able to de-register an history at the security model degree. This will forestall the website user from logging into any application and sites.SYS-0010-Rule-2Presentment must be sent to each of the decision makers when a user has been de-registered at the security model degreeSYS-0010-Rule-3Presentment must be sent to the bing user when their history has been de-registered from the Security FrameworkSYS-0010-Rule-4Presentment must be sent to the bing user when their history has been modified in any manner on the Security Framework.SYS-0010-Note-1: This functionality will be provided to the Help Desk Administrators as a portion of the Oracle Identity and Access merchandise suite.SYS-0010-Note-1:An electronic mail will be sent to the termin al user for the alteration of each property.Table No. 5.7: Aid desk disposal demands

Middle passage of slavery

One of the dark periods of the world’s history is the trading and exploitation of black slaves. The economic expansion in Europe and America through agricultural lands brought a growing demand for labor hands. European traders seized the opportunity by supplying Africans to be sold as slaves. Sources included Kongo and Ndongo (which now became Angola) and Senegal, although major trading took place ion the Atlantic Coast of Africa. As demands for slaves increased, trading spread in Eastern Africa (Perry 227).   Nowhere can one find a more profitable business than slave-trading during these period, which remarkably spanned for about four centuries (15th to 19th century) of continuous trading, estimated to reach about 20 million slaves (Ferguson and Bruun 569). At the height of trading during the 17th to 18th century, a trader who sold one male slave is guaranteed to make more than enough a year’s earnings. In England, a trader can even gain respectability since its society saw nothing wrong with this kind of business and was not regarded as illegal. It is not surprising therefore that many Europeans were lured by the promise of making a big fortune out of slave trading, to the detriment of Africans who were taken captive. The desire to make a sizeable amount of money and the insensibility of land owners had blinded them to see that these Africans were fellow human beings and should be treated humanely. A significant aspect of the entire process involved partnering with Africans. While it is shocking to see how one race could brutally treat another, it is more startling to see how a fellow African could exploit its own kind. Fellow Africans play a key role in helping European traders to succeed. They are responsible for the capture of their own countrymen, snatching and detaining them to a slave factory located at the western coast of Africa (Hibbert 127). Many do not reach the coast, since they could not survive being forced to march as far as 1,000 miles chained and with little food. Those who do were forcibly held in the factory, where working conditions were deplorable and food was scarce. Detention could range from a number of weeks to a year. These African human smugglers would exchange their ‘goods’ for guns, fabrics, metal products for weapons and farm tools, beads, or even cowry shells and other insignificant items brought by their European counterpart (Perry 2 29). Slave trading then became a lucrative business. There were written accounts of the horrific conditions with which captured Africans were subjected to. One captive slave named Olaudah Equiano vividly described through his own experience, the ordeal of many African slaves (Winds of Revolution 123). For this reason, some slaves had come to regard death a blissful way of ending the hardship. From the onset of their captivity to the point of slavery, slaves were deprived of any right to choose for themselves. Slaves were regarded more as a piece of property than a worker. Men, women, or children, common or of noble descent, all were taken captive for selling. Their ‘fate’ totally depended on the hands of their captors and ‘owners’ (Ferguson and Bruun 569-590). I. The Slave-Trade Route and The Middle Passage The course of trading by the Europeans involved different stages. The Middle Passage was usually associated with the trans-Atlantic shipment of human cargoes either to the Americas or the Caribbean. Strictly speaking however, the term was used to describe the second of a three-part stage of a trading process which includes the transportation of captured Africans. This also meant that traders are able to make a big size of income since every stage is able to produce a large amount of profit. The first part starts with the Europeans carrying goods to Africa that will be used to trade-in for the African slaves. Upon completion of negotiations, the now empty vessel is now replenished with purchased humans. The Middle Passage or otherwise known as the â€Å"middle† leg then begins — the second part of the trading route. This voyage would often take two to three months before reaching America or other destinations in Europe. During bad weathers, the trip could stretch as long as four months. Those who survive the trip were sold and the huge profit was used to purchase products such as sugar. The traders will make another huge profit, as they sell these goods in their return trip to Europe, the last part of the voyage (Winds of Revolution 122). II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conditions During the Voyage Those taken to the slave ships were treated worse than animals. The decks were cramped and did not leave much room for standing. Men and women in shackles were packed closely. They were required to lie on their backs, with their heads on another slave’s leg. Such a horrible position caused them to lie down on human discharges of another’s feces, urine, and at times even blood all throughout the passage. The air was putrid for breathing. Consequently, such poor conditions in cargo ships led to the rapid spread of diseases that took the life of many these people. Those who died were thrown overboard to keep sickness from spreading further. In order to control any rebellion, the crew often resorted to cruelty. Women were often abused sexually. The poor physical conditions within the ship, the lack of food, the cruelty of their captors, and the uncertainty of the future caused others to attempt suicide. Traders however, would want as much as each slaves to survive, simply for profit’s sake. When a slave attempts to commit suicide through self-imposed starvation, the method of force-feeding was used.   Others sought death by jumping off the ship. If it is of any consolation, members of the crew’s ship were treated just a little better than the slaves. Others also experienced being severely beaten by their captain. One account even records of a crew who sought his watery death than continue the agony of being repeatedly beaten (Winds of Revolution 124-129). III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reason for Choosing Africans as Slaves When Spain and Portugal took off plans for exploration, it ended in human exploitation. As they reached and colonized parts of the Americas, Native Americans proved extremely difficult for forced labor since they were unaccustomed to agricultural work. They also exhibited poor resistance to Old World diseases. Their familiarity of the surroundings made it extremely difficult for the Europeans to prevent them from escaping. Meanwhile, a small portion of Africans slavery was already being practiced in its outposts in Africa. Europeans had taken the idea from an African practice of enslaving war prisoners.   African characteristics were also observed to be a lot better: Africans were found to be more useful and stronger than the Native Americans. Since they were used to a hotter climate and agricultural work, Africans did not easily fell prey to European diseases. All these factors caused Europeans to rely more on Africans for slavery. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion The practice was deeply rooted in greed. Actions to counter slavery met with great resistance and were relatively slow. It even tore America apart during a bitter civil war. The dispute concerning slavery continued for many generations between those who are for or against it. England passed the abolition of slavery in 1833 and anyone caught violating the law was fined as much as â‚ ¤ 20 million (Checkland 341). Other European nations also followed suit. Towards its abolition, great damage was already done on the economic, political, and social aspects of Africa. Since wealth was concentrated on slave-trading and possessed only by a few hands; acquired wealth was not used for the development of the land to benefit its entire society. Africa lost much of their human wealth and for four hundred years, suffered the consequences — losing potential leaders and good laborers for its own advancement. Those transported became alienated from their culture of origin (Perry 231). As for the following generations of those people who were transported, the struggle still continuous for people of color even thousands of years after the abolition of slave trading in America and the Western countries. Many still feel the sting of living from the taint of stereotyping created by the past. It left a legacy of racism present in some parts of society today. Although the practice should remain buried in the past, looking back on this bitter history should keep aflame all efforts to prevent it from recurring again. Traders before referred to it as a necessary evil. However, no amount of reason should be sufficient enough to allow anyone to exploit or even look down on its fellow human being. Works Cited: Checkland, S.G. The Rise of Industrial Society in England, 1815-1885. Great Britain: Longman, 1964. Cowell, Alan. Killing the Wizards. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992. Ferguson, Wallace, and Geoffrey Bruun. A Survey of European Civilization 3rd ed. USA: The Riverside Press, 1958). Hibbert, Cristopher. Africa Explored: Europeans in the Dark Continent (1769-1889). London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1982. Perry, Marvin. Unfinished Journey: A World History. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983. Winds of Revolution AD 1700-1800. USA: Time-Life Books, 1991.

Harlem Renaissance Poets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Harlem Renaissance Poets - Essay Example They were proactive within political settings as they vied for various posts. Additionally, they sought avenues for civic participation, cultural self determination and economic equality (Huggins 2007). One such writer is Langston Hughes who wrote the poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers. An illustrative art of literature, this poem portrays the significance of four vital rivers in sustaining slavery in America. Particularly, Langston expresses his ideas from the Mississippi river on its expansive role in slavery at that time. This piece of work is famous as it celebrates the voice of the African Americans at such a time when there was rampant injustice, racial discrimination and inequality in America. The poet assisted in uniting and inspiring the black community during times of white oppression. His endless involvement and championing for African American rights earned him the tag of unofficial Harlem Renaissance laureate. Another writer with strong connection to this African American writer’s movement was Claude McKay. This poet had his roots emanating from Jamaica, a Caribbean nation and wrote genres spanning national boundaries and political orientation or preferences. The p oem If We Must Die is a politically charged but challenging piece of work that was written at a time of civil unrest in America (Huggins 2007). In his poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Langston shows elements of double consciousness in a number of ways. This particular poem makes a strong connection to the souls and cultural heritage of the black community in four distinct rivers found in America, Africa, Middle East and Asia. Having such a chronologically significant background, the poet creates a visual journey of the Africans and African Americans by linking it to civilization origin, Africa. In this poem, the writer speaks of a story of enslavement and freedom which the black community suffered indicating their strength and astuteness (Rasche 2007). On the contrary,

Costs associated with occupational and corporate crime Essay

Costs associated with occupational and corporate crime - Essay Example Income tax violation is a popular white-collar crime. According to an article in New York Times, tax evasion costs governments around the globe more than $3.1 trillion annually. Such a whopping loss of more than $3.1 trillion in annual revenue is a very big issue, yet it is exceedingly hard to catch white-collar criminals. According to a report published by the World Bank in 2011, more than 5.1% of global GDP never reaches the government offices in the form of taxes. Europe is currently facing a crisis because of this rampant tax evasion. The highest amount of tax revenue is lost by the US, about $337 billion. The US is followed by South America and Italy (Werdigier). Embezzlement is a kind of occupational crime and research claims that â€Å"the annual cost of embezzlement is 12.42 billion dollars† (Zarka). Yet, research suggests that the highest costs are associated with white-collar crimes. For example, it is claimed that â€Å"the American business community lost $50 bill ion in 1980 to white-collar crime† (Eitzen cited in Long), which is more than 10 times the costs associated with all street crimes. These are just cost estimates because truth is that occupational and corporate crimes cannot be accurately measured. White-collar criminals are hard to catch because of their high position which is why jails are crowded with socially and economically disadvantaged offenders who have committed some kind of low-class street crime. Many problems are encountered by researchers who try to uncover costs associated with occupational and corporate crimes. It is always easier to estimate costs associated with street crimes because people behind these crimes have no occupational or corporate background. These are jobless people typically belonging to poor class. But, the problem with occupational and corporate criminals is that the higher professions and

Protocols and Policy to Secure Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Protocols and Policy to Secure Software - Essay Example This invasion is done for the express purpose of taking advantage of the weaknesses that can be found in the software by the hacker and is usually done for monetary gain (Vacca, 2009). There are a number of measures that have been taken as a result to try and prevent this sort of interference by hackers and a number of cyber security standards have been developed with the aim of improving the level of protection that is available to this market. Cyber Security Standards Cyber security standards can be defined as the various established standards of security that have been set up by a number of bodies involved in the computer industry to assist organizations in the practice of safe techniques regarding security so as to reduce the number of successful attacks on their cyber security systems and if possible negate them altogether (Kontoghiorghes, 2006). The latter aim may prove to be difficult as hackers have become adept at countering the various measures that have been set up to keep them out and thus it considered to be a continuous process whereby weaknesses are identified, exploited and then fixed and improved by the organizations. The security standards have however have gone a long way in improving the level of security that is practiced by organizations and can be said to have provided guidelines on the best way to protect one’s company form cyber security attacks. These standards provide organizations with certain techniques and outlines that they can implement to enhance their cyber security. Some certain standards offer organizations that have been able to successfully implement the outlines and techniques that they have set out official cyber security certification that shows the company’s achievements. The certification is done by an accredited body that looks into the company before deciding whether they have reached the required level of success in their implementation to acquire the certification (Sipser, 2006). This certification ho lds a number of advantages for organizations that are able to acquire it such as enabling the company to easily acquire insurance policies on cyber security (Wong & Yeung, 2009). This is especially important in today’s technology market considering the high number of hacking incidents that take place on an almost daily basis and the sizable economic risk that comes with the potential of successful hacking attempts (Sipser, 2006). The loss of information can lead to a huge hit on an organization’s financial status and thus insurance on this risk has become a necessary endeavor for many large organizations. Popular Cyber Security Standards There are various standards that are available to organizations but some of the more popular cyber security standards include; ISO 27002 This can be considered to be a high standards guide to achieving cyber security for organizations and can be said to be the most popular cyber security standards that is currently available in the mar ket (Kontoghiorghes, 2006). The standard actually incorporates parts of BS 7799 good

Responsible Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Responsible Tourism - Essay Example As a result, the situations is several destinations including Africa is characterized by deteriorating infra-structure, political and economic instability, increasing external control and weak backward and forward linkage with other economic sectors. Besides, tourism benefits do not filter down to poor communities (Booyens, 2010). With changes in consumer lifestyle and higher disposable incomes, more people desire to travel and experience pleasure. The World Travel Organization (WTO) predicts that by 2020 international arrivals would exceed 15 million (UNEP, 2005). Growth in tourism would take place across the world but it would be concentrated in the developing countries. In South Africa alone international arrivals are set to grow at an average of 5.5 per year. This can have profound impact on the local economies and the destination because human systems and the environment are strongly coupled and jointly determined systems. For sustainable development the social and the ecological systems cannot be analysed separately (Modvar & Gallopin, 2005). In fact, the perspectives and concerns of the major stakeholders need to be incorporated for an effective decision making. This is because there is a relationship between tourist behavior and their attitude towards the environment (Andereck, 2009). The purpose of this report is to evaluate the concepts of sustainable and responsible tourism, and the similarities and difference between these two concepts. Based on an understanding of responsible tourism, this report presents a responsible tourism strategy for Masai Mara game Reserve. The problems at Mara are identified and then objectives have been set followed by the strategy to achieve the SMART objectives. The concept of sustainability first came into discussions in1987 with the release of the Brundtland Commission’s â€Å"Our Common Future† sponsored by the UN

Positive Behavior Intervention Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Positive Behavior Intervention Plan - Case Study Example His mother referred the boy to me after he started portraying a lot of aggressiveness especially towards his friends as well as older brother. Collins is of Asian origin and is extremely attached to his iPad. He is always on his iPad, which he refuses to give or share with anyone. He turns extremely aggressive when anyone gets near him particularly when he is using his iPad. This boy has both parents and one brother who is older than he is. His belligerence is characterized by recurrent verbal outbursts in addition to offensive actions towards his friends, brother, or at times to his parents. Additionally, when the iPad is taken from him, he breaks everything he gets hold of. Collins demonstrates aggressiveness mainly when prevented from doing what other considered wrong or when he wanted to get something forcefully from others, particularly his iPad. To assess Collins, I together with his mother used indirect assessment. A number of strategies were used to assess the boy. One of the strategy entailed cross-examining the mother. Additionally, the mother filled the Functional Behavioral Assessment Screening Form (FBASF). Moreover, the assessment entailed use of Functional Assessment Interview Form (FAIF). The forms helped get information regarding the settings, circumstances, and the extent of aggressiveness displayed by Collins. Additionally, direct behavior observation was done on Collins. Functional Assessment Interview Form (FAIF) results revealed that Collins have a tendency to be more aggressive when bothered specifically when using his iPad. On several occasions, he would go to the extent of breaking anything within his reach especially when anyone tried to take his iPad from him. Direct behavior observation showed that he was more likely to get aggressive when his brother who attempted to take the iPad. On some occasions, he would yell loudly and kick at anyone close to him.

English - Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English - Fast Food - Essay Example In this case, fast food would be the best choice. Serving individual’s quick interest is essential in saving time and money. An individual’s age has a great influence on the eating habits of many people. Sometimes the type of duty that an individual does in the society would influence the amount of food that that individual would take. It is usually important to know nutritional content of any food. Studies indicate that promotion of fast food by many restaurants has led to growth in number of its consumers. It further alludes that many people do not care about the nutritional content of fast food. The nutritional content of fast food would influence health status of its consumer. Some people suffer from nutritional related disorders because of ignorance when it comes to make choices of what food to take. Various methods employed in preparing fast food would influence the content of nutrient it contains. Observation of human health requirement helps in making the right choice of food. This paper explores health impacts of fast food. Fast food attracts many people who have limited time to go for other meals. For instance, research indicates that many students take fast food because of limited time and nature of life they lead. Many students like buying ready-made food for their lunchtime meals. Many students prefer foods that are convenient, attractive, and cheap. Fast food is quite tempting because it has all the above attributes. The social space in school also promotes consumption of fast food in most institution. Attractive appearance often influences students to buy fast food. Other consumers of fast food include dating couples who would like to spend nice time together. Studies show that many fast foods contain high-energy nutrients (Watson 6). Other nutrient content of fast food include protein and vitamin among others. Knowledge of nutrient content in fast food is very essential since it would influence the quantity of fast food that an ind ividual would consume. For instance, research indicates that a bite of potato snack contain about 10 grams of Trans fat (Hales & Lauzon 258). This fat is unhealthy to the body. This means that when an individual consumes large amount of snacks, the level of unhealthy fat in the body would increase. Human body responds to fat content in the food by accumulating them. This is usually dangerous because fat accumulation leads to overweight. Health research indicates that individuals that individuals who consume food rich in fats should burn similar amount of calories in order to avoid dangers of any fat related disorder. Health problems associated to consumption of food rich in fat include brain disorders. Scientific research indicates that accumulation of fats in the body would impair blood circulatory system that supplies blood to the brain. This in turn retards the body function of an individual. Blood circulation is essential since it supports function of body organs. Failure of bod y organs may result to death. Studies reveal that too much accumulation of fat on the blood circulatory system may stop blood delivery to the heart. Heart is a very essential organ in the human body. Its failure results to instant death. Many children who suffer obesity have high level of fat content in the body. Health studies reveal that children who suffer obesity at younger age may suffer heart failures at old age (Watson 25). Some studies also indicate that the condition might proceed to

Brand management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Brand management - Assignment Example It is an international company with several sub-brands and a strong strategy in operation. In the United Kingdom, the company has a well-defined brand elements and architecture. Brand architecture acts as a powerful tool through which organizations can effectively organize the brands in their portfolio and focus on enhancing each and every brand in the market. In this regard, the choice of the brand architecture to be used is an important consideration which can greatly determine the performance of a brand in the market. In the case of Sony, the corporation has so many individual brands which create the need for effective brand architecture (Chernatony, 2008). In the United Kingdom, Sony uses the umbrella brand architecture in marketing its various brands across the country and beyond. This arises out of the fact that Sony has been a global brand over the years and the name has therefore become very synonymous with quality products. In this case, the umbrella or corporate brand offers an effective opportunity for the company to market its various sub-brands. Indeed, the nature of the products produced by Sony creates the need for a family name in order to limit much of the effort that would be used in promoting the individual brands. In this case, marketing can be done both for the individual sub-brands and by jointly marketing the family name. However, it should be realized that umbrella branding does not really imply that all the portfolio of the corporation falls under one name. Rather, the family name is just a unifying factor while each and every product has its different brand line. Across the United Kingdom, it is seen that Sony promotes its products effectively through the use of umbrella branding. Sony operates in the technology world where new products are constantly produced. For instance, when a new PlayStation is launched, promotion becomes much easy since the consumers are already acquainted with the bead name. In the

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Essay Example for Free

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Essay There are many events in a person’s life that can be considered traumatic. Trauma can be easily described as a distressing experience caused by an event or physical injury. The symptoms that follow a traumatic event can include disassociation, hyperarousal, and avoidance. Some people choose to cope with their symptoms in many different ways such as substance abuse, medication, and/or therapy. When working with trauma there are many diverse forms of treatment. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] is one form of treatment that appears to be effective. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a treatment used in psychotherapy to alleviate distress associated with trauma (Shapiro, 1991). During EMDR clients reprocess information while focusing on external stimuli such as, lateral eye movements, hand tapping, and audio stimulation. Francine Shapiro developed EMDR in 1987 after discovering that eye movements had a desensitizing effect on herslef, and also after experimenting she found that others also had the same response to eye movements. In 1987, Shapiro named this approach to treatment Eye Movement Desensitization. A case study was conducted to test the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization. The results indicated there was a significant decrease in distress and increase in confidence in positivity (EMDR Institute, 2012). When this treatment was first discovered it was reported it serves to decrease anxiety and did not claim to eliminate all posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Gaining feedback from clients and clinicians this treatment continued to develop. In 1991 reprocessing was added to eye movement desensitization creating EMDR. Adding reprocessing was to reflect the insights and cognitive changes that occurred during treatment and to identify the information processing theory (that Shapiro developed) to explain the treatment effects (2012). In 1995 the EMDR International Association was founded to establish standards for training and practice (Shapiro, 2001). There have been many studies published in regards to posttraumatic stress disorder and demonstrating the effectiveness of EMDR. EMDR therapy happens in eight stages. EMDR requires clients to think about the past, present, and future. The first phase is designed to obtain history and also to develop treatment planning. Obtaining history information can take one to two sessions or it is something that is continuous throughout therapy. Clinicians will discuss with the client the specific problem and symptoms resulting from the problem. The client does not have to give much detail in regards to history. Some people will share and give great information and specifics and there are others who are only comfortable sharing limited information. With the background information and history collected, the therapist will be able to develop a treatment plan that will identify targets on which to use EMDR (Shapiro, 1991). Targets are the events from the past that created the problem, situations that cause distress, and skills client needs to learn for future well being (1991). The second phase is preparation, it is important to explain the theory of EMDR and how it works. Establishing rapport to ensure clients are reporting accurate feelings and changes that are experienced during eye movements is helpful (Shapiro, 2001). The second phase of treatment the therapist will also ensure the client has several ways to cope with difficult situations. The therapist is able to teach different techniques of imagery and stress reduction techniques that clients can use during sessions. The techniques are used to rapidly produce change in emotional disturbances (2001). The client at this point is learning self care. The third phase is assessment, in this phase the client will select a specific memory/picture from the target event. At that time a statement is chosen that expresses a negative self belief associated with the event (Shapiro, 2001). The negative beliefs are verbalizations of negative and disturbing emotions that still exist. The common statements include I am bad, I am worthless, I am nothing, etc. The client then picks a positive statement to replace the negative belief. The positive statement should reflect what is appropriate in the present (2001). The client is then asked to estimate how true they feel the positive statement is using the one to seen Validity of Cognition scale; one equals completely false and seven equals completely true (Maxfield, 1999). Also, during the Assessment Phase, the person identifies the negative emotions along with physical sensations associated with the memory. The client is asked to rate disturbance on the Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUD) scale, with zero reflecting no disturbance and ten reflecting the worst feeling ever had (1999). The next phase focuses on the clients emotions and sensations as they are measured using the SUDs rating (Shapiro, 2001). The desensitization phase people reprocess past events while focusing on an external stimulus. This phase allows a chance to identify and resolve similar events that may have happened and are associated with the specified event/memory. During desensitization, the therapist will lead the person in sets of eye movement with appropriate changes of focus until his SUDs levels are reduced to zero or a low number. Another phase is the installation phase. The goal is to increase the positive belief that the person has identified previously to replace the negative belief. The goal is for people to identify and believe in their positive statement and scoring it high on the Validity of Cognition scale. After the positive belief statements and installation the next phase which is the body scan phase, the client is ask to think about the past target and asked to notice and focus on changes in body. The seventh phase is closure. In this phase the client is asked to keep a log during the week of anything related to the memory that may arise. The goal is to ensure that the client leaves feeling better than the beginning of treatment (Shapiro, 1989). It is reported if the processing of the traumatic target event is not complete in a single session, the therapist will assist the person in using a variety of self-calming techniques in order to regain a sense of stability. The last phase examines the progress made thus far. The therapist makes sure positive results on scales have been maintained. The reevaluation phase is vital in order to determine the success of the treatment over time (Maxfield, 1999). Clients may feel relief almost immediately with EMDR; however it is as important to complete the eight phases of treatment. The goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while simultaneously maintaining a stable client. The beginning of EMDR appears to be similar to exposure therapy. There are several studies and reviews that have been completed to test the effectiveness of EMDR in treating trauma. EMDR has been found to be an effective treatment for trauma. It has also been found to work faster than other therapies (Cahill, 1999). A study done by Davidson and Parker compared EMDR to no treatment and compared it to other exposure therapies such as prolonged exposure (2001). This study explored thirty four studies on the effectiveness of EMDR in treating trauma. It was discovered that among the thirty four studies, EMDR was found to be effective with an effect size of . 83 when compared to no treatment. It was also found to be a better choice of treatment than other non-exposure therapies such as CBT which only had an effect size of . 55. Controlled efficacy studies report a decrease in PTSD diagnosis of 70-90% after three to six sessions (Chemtob et al. , 2000). EMDR has been compared with cognitive behavior therapy in past clinical trials. EMDR has also been compared with and found superior to a wide range of other treatments, such as relaxation therapy, biofeedback, standard mental health treatment in a managed care facility, and active listening (Maxfield, 1999). Evidence based support has led to EMDR being acknowledged as effective in the treatment of PTSD. Independent reviewers for the American Psychological Association reports EMDR and exposure therapy as empirically validated treatments (Chambless et al. , 1998). Also the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies designated EMDR as effective for PTSD (Shalev et al. , 2000). They noted that EMDR is more efficient than other treatments as it used significantly fewer sessions than behavior therapy and took less time (2000). Cahill found similar results in a literature review conducted. They found that as a whole EMDR is effective in treating trauma, but that it is equally as effective when compared to other exposure therapies (1999). Some studies also indicate that EMDR may be more easily tolerated by clients than other exposure therapies. In a study by Schubert, it was discovered the use of eye-movements in the EMDR process reduced the pulse and heart rate in clients (2010). This suggests a calming experience as the process progresses. EMDR has been extensively researched in the treatment of trauma survivors. EMDR has been tested with survivors of a wide range of traumatic events, using a variety of control conditions, in multiple types of settings, by numerous researchers (Maxfield, 2002). Research has also investigated the use of EMDR with victims of rape, physical assault, childhood abuse, natural disasters, accidents, and other traumas (2002). EMDR is a therapeutic technique in which the patient moves his or her eyes back and forth, while concentrating on the target event or memory causing distress. The therapist waves a stick or light in front of the patient and the patient is supposed to follow the moving stick or light with his or her eyes. EMDR is fast and rapid approach to therapy. While there are many supporters of this type of therapy there are many critics that believe EMDR is pseudoscience. It is suggested, wit evidence based information EMDR is an effective treatment. It is important to note that only clinicians who have received specialized training in EMDR are able to conduct it.

The Principle of Fidelity | Comparison to Socrates

The Principle of Fidelity | Comparison to Socrates While some try to escape prison when they are imprisoned for a crime, Socrates argued for his imprisonment. Socrates provides Crito with three reasons for staying in prison, Principle of Filial Piety, Principle of Fidelity and Non-Malificence argument. For the purpose of my argument, I will show how the Principle of Fidelity and Principle of Filial Piety are flawed arguments. In this paper I will outline arguments mentioned in Taking Rights Seriously by Ronald Dworkin in order to show why Socrates should escape from prison. For the Principle of Fidelity, Socrates provides two premises and a conclusion. In his first premise he argues that because he remained in the city of Athens and did not challenge its laws, it constitutes an agreement to abide by its laws (Rodde 23 Jan. 2013). In his second premise he states that as citizens, we ought to abide by our agreements (Rodde 23 Jan. 2013). Thus, if he escapes from prison, he will break the law, therefore, he should not escape from prison (Rodde 23 Jan. 2013). However, I argue that the Fidelity Principle argument is not a fair one on the basis that it assumes that regardless of the laws of a country, if you live in the society you must abide by the societys laws, thus agreeing to the laws as being just laws. Furthermore, the government is appointed and chosen by the majority rule and regulates its laws for its citizens. When there is a relationship built between the state and its citizens, an automatic agreement occurs. While the citizens have a duty to the state, the state also has one to its citizens of treating them justly under the law. Socrates strongest argument is the Principle of Fidelity as he argues that we must keep our promises (Plato 29-30). Nonetheless, Socrates admits that he was put in jail on wrong terms (Plato 29-30). The wrong imprisonment automatically voids the agreement that Socrates has with the state. Because the state broke faith with Socrates by unjustly accusing and sentencing him, why then is it okay for Socrates to break faith with them? Dworkin argues, in practice, the government will have the last word on what an individuals rights areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but that does not mean that the governments view is necessarily the correct view (Dworkin 34). In this phrase , Dworkin argues that there is a difference between moral rights and legal rights and that although we are in an agreement with a government, our own individual rights should not be ignored. By Socrates keeping his end of the promise to the government, he assumes that the government ought to be moral and that the government acts for its citizens: he who has experience of the manner in which we order justice and administer the state, and still remains, has entered into an implied contract that he will do as we commend him, and who he disobeys us is, as we maintain, thrice wrong (Plato 30). Here Socrates outlines the rules outlined by the state to its citizens and he argues how citizens must abide by those rules, however, if the state is an unjust state, should one still abide by its rules? Dworkin beautifully shows how an act such as Socrates based on the Fidelity Principle ignores ones moral rights as he argues that an individual who believes that the governments view is always the right view must believe that men and women have only such moral rights as government chooses to grand which means that they have no moral rights at all (Dworkin 34). Here Dworkin explains that by ignoring our moral rights and allowing the state to assign moral rights, we have no rights at all. Therefore, as citizens have obligations that they must meet to its government, the government has obligations that they must fulfill. The state broke the obligations that they had to Socrates by imprisoning and executing him on false accusations, this also showing that the law was flawed and unjust. However, we should not ignore Socrates argument that even though the state broke fidelity with the law that does not mean that he should break faith with the law. While in conversation with Crito, Socrates explains that he is a man of his word (Plato 29), however, he fails to mention that he is binding himself to an unjust law. This further questioning the legitimacy of the Principle of Fidelity as it seems to strongly support some claims while ignoring others. Socrates second argument is the Principle of Filial Piety. Socrates first premise for the argument is that the relationship between a state and a citizen is similar to the relationship between a parent and a child (Plato 29-30). The second premise states that a child ought to obey his/her parents; therefore, a citizen ought to obey the state (Rodde 23 Jan. 2013). However, the Filial Piety is a flawed principle because it is an argument from analogy. Analogies always fail because two features can never be exactly identical. Yet, Socrates assumes that parents orders are always the right orders. Socrates disregards the concept of error and poses the concept of perfectibility on a role that never can be perfect. The notion of perfectibility becomes more problematic when Socrates compares the relationship of a citizen and its state to a child and its parent: in disobeying us he is disobeying his parentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦we are the authors of his education (Plato 30). Here Socrates explains t hat the control the state has over his life is similar to the control that parents have over their children. However, by giving the state this sort of power he denies his own rights as a citizen. Dworkin argues that, a man has a moral right to speak his mind in a non-provocative way on matters of political concern and that is an important right that the state must go to great pains to protect (Dworkin 36), this is not the case for Socrates. Socrates exercised his rights as a citizen and was punished, however, according to Dworkins thought the state made a mistake when imprisoning him for speaking his mind. In addition, there is an assumption that the parent (state) has hierarchical power; therefore the child (citizen) is below the law (state). If this were the case, then why did Socrates speak against the state (his parents)? The Filial Piety argument becomes problematic as Socrates contradicts his own actions of speaking against politicians. Socrates argues that he has to obey the law unconditionally because the law has parental rights over him (Plato 30); therefore, he is a slave to the state. Socrates argues that he is a free man to leave if he chooses to (Plato 30-31), but how can he argue that he is a free man if the state who, according to him, have parental roles over him, have subjected him against the law? When can these rights be restricted? According to Dworkin, rights can only be restricted if: values protected by original right are not at stake in this case, if marginal cases are permitted and granting right affects competing rights and if marginal cases are permitted and produces costs to society are beyond cost of granting right (Rodde 28 Jan. 2013). With Dworkins idea in mind, I believe that Socrates has imprisoned himself more than the actual government because he appoints the government as his parents through his own analogies. To conclude, I believe that Socrates should escape from prison because the Principle of Fidelity assumes that a law is always just. While on a moralistic view we may argue that Socrates should not escape from prison based on this argument because he has to show the importance of maintaining his promise, instead by not escaping he ignores the law. For example, laws are created to maintain an orderly society in which punishments are involved, creating a dichotomy between right versus wrong. By only considering the idea of keeping ones promise in his argument, Socrates opens the way for people who have been illegally convicted to ignore the entire law system which is created in order to distinguish between right and wrong, and simply do as the state says to due to a natural binding between the person and the state. He ignores the manipulations of the state and ones desires to live. Also, Socrates argues for the Principle of Filial Piety as an important argument. However, the argument is created on an analogy which cannot sustain itself because Socrates compares his relationship to the state as a parent child relationship, but fails to question the way the state sees the relationship with its citizens. Lastly, Dworkins idea of immoral rights versus legal rights and his limitations of when rights can be restricted highlights how although some actions may be immoral, they are not illegal (Dworkin 35), therefore Socrates should escape from jail. [Word Count: 1474]

Mel Levines A Mind at a Time Essay example -- Cognitive Psychology Ch

Mel Levine's A Mind at a Time Mel Levine’s book, A Mind at a Time, describes many aspects of cognitive psychology and attempts to apply them to the educational system for young children. This book also makes suggestions for parents that have children with cognitive difficulties. The chapters in this book are designated to various aspects of cognitive psychology as they pertain to children. This paper focuses on chapter six in A Mind at a Time, which is titled â€Å"Making Arrangements: Our Spatial and Sequential Ordering Systems.† This is a very interesting chapter because it incorporates many aspects of cognitive psychology. In this chapter, Levine focuses on how children organize their world in terms of learning, thinking, and remembering. Levine states that children have two ways in which they organize the information they receive from the world around them. He refers to these methods as sequential ordering and spatial ordering. He defines spatial patterns as, â€Å"assembled parts that occupy space and settle on the doorsteps of our minds all at once† (Levine, p.151). Many examples are given of when spatial ordering is prevalent, for instance, when a student draws a map or recognizes the features of a person’s face. Levine defines sequential patterns as information gaining â€Å"admission to the minds one bit at a time and in an order that’s meant not to be missed† (Levine, p.151). He says that sequential ordering is used when students try to master a science project or learn a telephone number. Neurologically, Levine states that sequential ordering is carried out on the left side of the brain and spatial ordering is carried out on the right side of the brain. He also makes referen ces to the possibility of childr... ...e abnormalities in their ability to learn efficiently. Throughout the book he is very supportive. He offers parents many great strategies for dealing with the problems of their children. The book A Mind at a Time gives parents a way to learn about their child’s mind without a lot of technical terms. The main problem I see with this book is that it may lead parents to discover potential problems with their children at much too young an age. Levine’s most important error is that he does not mention the age at which the minds of children develop. I feel that this book could be helpful to many parents and harmful to others. Parents, as well as other readers, need to be cautious when reading this book. Works Cited: Levine, M. (2002), A Mind at a Time. New York: Simon & Schuster. Matlin, M.W. (2002). Cognition. (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The Workplace and Title Seven Essay -- essays research papers

The Workplace and Title VII The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the catalyst in abolishing the separate but equal policies that had been a mainstay in our society. Though racial discrimination was the initial focal point, its enactment affected every race. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in housing, education, employment, public accommodations and the receipt of federal funds based on certain discrimination factors such as race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age or religion. Title VII is the employment segment of the Civil Rights Act and is considered one of the most important aspects of legislation that has helped define the employment law practices in this country. Prior to Title VII, an employer could hire and fire an employee for any given reason. Title VII prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, training, promotion, discipline or other workplace decisions. (Bennett-Alexander-Hartman, Fourth Edition, pp 85) Though it applies to everyone, its enactment was especially signifi cant to women and minorities, who until its passage had limited recourse in harassment based discriminations in the workplace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the federal agency that enforces the federal laws, policies and regulations as it relates to employment discrimination. Over the course of years, Title VII has been amended to reinforce its prohibitions to include pregnancy as a type of gender discrimination, jury trials, compensatory damage and punitive damages. Its amendments have also strengthened the enforcement policy of the EEOC. An employer and employee need to be aware of those areas that are and are not covered by Title VII. It applies to employers, unions, joint labor and management committees as well as employment agencies whose functions include referral and training decisions among others. It applies to all private, federal, state and local governments who employ 15 employees or more. An employer with less than 15 employees is not required to comply with the guidelines set by Title VII. Title VII covers all levels and types of employees. In 1991, t he act was further extended to include United States (U.S.) citizens who are employed outside of the U.S. for American employers. Non U.S. citizens are also protected as long as they are employed in the U.S. Title VII however, does not a... ...overlooked in the workplace. Title VII has changed the pre-employment process in that the interviewer must be careful in the questions that are posed to the interviewee. The interviewer should not ask questions that can be deemed discriminatory. A rule of thumb is to limit questions that have to do with a person’s private life. As an employer, it must be made clear that discrimination will not be tolerated in the workplace. Employers and employees need to become familiar with what constitutes discrimination. Employees need to be informed of the employer’s position as it relates to workplace discrimination. An employer should adopt policies that address this issue in the form of employee handbooks and/or in house training for all employee levels, including what steps will be taken for violations. If the employer and employee work together to prevent these forms of discretions, it can help curtail some of the litigiousness surrounding this issue. References Anheuser-Busch, Inc., v. Missouri Com’n on Human Rights, 682 S.W.2d 828 (Mo.App. E.D. 1984) Bennett-Alexander-Hartman, Employment Law for Business, 4th Edition, 85, 95, 97, Griggs v. Duke Power, 401 U.S. 424 (1971).

Evita: Saint Or Sinner? :: essays research papers

Evita: Saint or Sinner?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Eva Peron is a fascinating one . Evita, as she is known, enjoyed a rise to power like no other. The details of this ascension are often disputed, making Santa Evita's tale all the more intriguing. . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maria Eva Duarte was born on May 7, 1919,1 the fifth and youngest illegitimate child of Juan Duarte and his mistress, Juan Ibarguen. The week of her birth was known as Tragic Week, when the army massacred striking workers, perhaps a foreshadow of what was to come in her life.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eva spent her childhood in an adobe farmhouse, with farm animals and earthen floors. In the farming trade, Juan Duarte incurred many debts, eventually leaving him with nothing. Thus, early in her life, Eva learnt the humiliation of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Duartes were further put down by the stiff Argentine caste system, which divided the poor from the wealthy. Being a bastard child, Eva and her four sisters were seen as 'brats,' and were stopped from associating with the other village children. Rejection, thrown upon young Eva through no fault of her own, would not be forgotten nor forgiven.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At age fifteen, Eva Duarte set out to become a radio actress. She knew she could be like the women in the movie magazines she either stole or borrowed from her friends. Eva met singer Agustin Magaldi, and, packed her bags and sneaked out of her mother's boarding house to the city of Buenos Aires.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once Eva learned the rules of the 'casting couch,' she dropped Magaldi and began her ascent to stardom. For years she wandered the streets, auditioned, and did whatever she had to do, no matter how distasteful. Eva gained modeling work and small parts in radio plays, frequenting nightclubs, and began to find better work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After several jobs in theatres, she was interviewed by the magazine Sintonia. After Eva started an affair with the magazine's owner, he began to give her good exposure. This led to jobs in the film industry. Though she made several, she had no talent to be seen in any of her films.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eva's body was what sold her to the masses. She could have any man that she wanted, and soon set her sights on Colonel Juan Peron, who had political ruthlessness, a passion for younger women (especially good-looking actresses), and was a 48-year-old widower.5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January 15, 1944, San Juan Argentina was hit by a terrible earthquake. A gala benefit show was held to support the relief effort, where Eva and Colonel Peron first met. They were seen leaving the gala together.

Too Much Technology

What are the some of the arguments for and against the use of digital media? Technology has both positive and negative sides. Positive opinion about technology as we are able to find many sources of information quickly and easily as well as saving production cost. Technology that is negative opinion can influence our behavior, destroy our way of thinking, and the more severe impact of computer technology is also able to give rise to a number of diseases. 2.How might the brain affected by constant digital media usage? Digital media would greatly help us in the world as well as other technologies. However, if used continuously can cause health problems. Vision problems continued to decline also occur when using the computer for too long. Besides, the new studies suggest that digital technologies are damaging our ability to think clearly and focus. 3. Do you think these arguments outweigh the positives of digital media usage? Why or why not? As for me, I think the above is indeed the ne gative side of technology.However, in the orld of technology such as current location, we will have to use the technology so that we can continue to survive and not lose against our competitors. 4. What additional concerns are there for children using digital media? Should children under 8 use computers and cellphones? Why or why not? I think children under eight years old can use digital media, such as a computer or cellular phone. So they are able to advance digital media, and we hope that when they grow up, they are not stiff again using digital media. Of course parents should control their children by using it overtime. Too Much Technology By lulsfrfr

Relationship between Politics and Religion in India

Indian politics has an important relationship with Religion. Religion fulfills the role of an ideology in a situation of transition when there is a plethora of new demands and constant adjustments have to be made. Both Islam and Hinduism in the late nineteenth century were trying to accommodate the new demands. This ruptured their earlier accommodations and led to conflict with the necessity of a complex interaction between nationalism and Religion. This is where the clash started. India failed on this front leading to conflicts and division between two competing utopia visions.The clash of egos over basis and minor disagreements made this division inevitable. The importance of religion, in spite of such conflicts can be clarified in the words of Gandhiji who said that those who assert that Religion has nothing to do with Politics, have no understanding of either Politics or Religion. That the Hindu majority were more tolerant and absorbent of others’ viewpoint, is nothing new . The religion itself is distinguished because of its fundamental component of tolerance which separates it from other religion viewpoint.Anslie embree in his book on Utopias in Conflict states that â€Å"Tolerance is not merely an academic question. It is intrinsically linked with the minority. The Islamic community in India wanted neither to be absorbed or tolerated and this seems to have occurred to very few exponents of Hindu tolerance†. Tolerance is also a matter of perception and over the centuries as India met with three different civilizations, the society evaluated. The coming of Islam in the eighth century, to the major power at the center, in the form of nearly 500 years of their mainstay, did not change any fundamental value in the Hindu religion.The coming of the Portugese and the French also did not lead to any changes in our social structure, the reason being the apathy similar to the earlier Muslim period when views were articulated in a religious vocabulary. The coming of the British was different as â€Å"they did not articulate their views and attitudes of their culture in religious terms†. The Hindu intelligential were definitely more receptive to the cultural and religious ideas as contrasted by the ‘keep aloof’ behavior in response to Muslim, French and Portugese ideologies.However the elaboration of the national movement’s ideal by Gandhiji in â€Å"vocabulary of Neo-Hinduism† lay the seeds of religious conflict in India which led to separatism. One of the important omissions in this Neo-Hindu perception was its inability to comprehend the belief structure of Muslims and the differences with Hindus. Salvation in Hinduism is of an individual whereas the Muslims and Christians find their salvation as a part of a large religious community. The politics of the nineteenth century and the strength of nationalism has gone missing today but religion appears to be as strong as ever and a fundamental pillar in our politics.Secularism has been re-defined and pseudo-secularism seems to be the order of the day where massacre of the majority community hardly draws a reaction publicly except in private. The Politics of Religion is as strong as ever and there is only a change of perception. Our politicians never miss an opportunity to exploit the use of religion, be it the Hindu view or the Muslim angle and India politics would continue to use Religion and the Caste system for their survival.

A Clean Well Lighted Place †Theme and Setting Essay

A clean well lighted place by Ernest Hemingway has a few themes that stand out clearly but the one theme that stands out to me is despair. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, despair means to lose all hope or confidence. In the story, the older waiter and the old deaf man somehow share a common bond of despair. Both men are of age and like to be out, late at night, alone. Asides from the story alone, the theme of the story can be brought out by the setting. The setting contributes to the story’s theme in different ways. The setting contributes to the mood of the story, to the structure of the story, and to the lesson of the story. The cafe represents salvation for despair which is shown through the setting of the story. First, the setting contributes to the mood, from the quote â€Å"It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. †(107) sets a mood of a person in sadness. As a regular, at a cafe, late at night alone reveals the character’s personality with the help of the setting. The setting reveals the story’s mood because it visualizes the scene along with emotions of the story. Obviously the old man is not the type of drunk to get violent or rough because the mood seems to be calming as the setting had described â€Å"but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. †(107) Even though the old man is deaf, the setting intensified the mood of peacefulness that the old man enjoys nice quiet drinks at a clean place. Later in the story the older waiter had no place to go for a drink so, he had gone to a bar/bodega for a drink; however, the mood of the bar/bodega compared to the cafe was not as peaceful nor comfortable. The waiter mentioned â€Å"It was the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. †(109) The mood clearly shows a difference within a different setting. If the old man were to drink in that bar then the story’s mood could have been perceived in a different way. Furthermore, the setting contributes to the structure of the story, like cartilages in a human body. The cafe can be viewed as a workplace and also as a place of peaceful socialization. Each person deals with despair differently. Having the setting at a cafe where it was mentioned that it was quiet help structure the story that it is neither a depressing story nor, a happy story. The two waiters who were gossiping about the old man mentioned that he had committed suicide but, he was saved. Being in a cafe is different than rather being in a bar or anywhere else. The cafe signifies a place for space or time, depending on the person. The old man is not trying to cure his despair but rather subdue it. The setting could have taken place anywhere but it also could have affected the structure of the story differently. For example, when the older waiter was out trying to kill time due to insomnia, he went to a bar but, it was not soothing; therefore, he went home. This proves how the setting was able to support its main structure of having a cafe rather than a different place. Finally, the lesson of the story is that do not be impatient. The setting contributed to how the lesson of the story was delivered. The old deaf man was not harming anyone and the cafe was not to close ‘til two-thirty in the morning but, the young waiter wanted to close early because he wanted to go home to his wife. The setting is pleasing and comfortable for those who need a place late at night yet, it was taken away from someone who needed it. Even though the old man left quietly, it was obvious he was not done drinking. If the setting were to be elsewhere like a bar, it would mean that the old man was looking for a good time but, that was not the case. The setting contributed to the lesson like a book to a lecture. Overall, the setting contributes to the theme. The cafe represents salvation, its cleanliness and good lighting suggest peace and relaxation, whereas a bar is chaotic and loud. The older waiter describes it as a refuge from the despair felt by those who are aware of the nothingness. In a clean well-lighted cafe, despair can be managed and even temporarily forgotten. When the older waiter describes the nothingness that is life, he says, â€Å"It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. †(109) The â€Å"it† in the sentence was not defined, but we can speculate about the waiter’s meaning: although life and man are nothing, light, cleanliness, and order can serve as substance. They can help counter off the despair from anyone. As long as a clean, well-lighted cafe exists, despair can be kept in check. This shows how the setting contributes to the theme through the mood, the structure, and the lesson of the story shaped by the setting.

Cracker Jack Case Analysis

The primary reason for the Borden Foods to divert itself from snacks is to emphasis its efforts and resources in the growth of their whole-wheat meal segments. Because of this valuation they had and a growth plan they had they decided to announce sale of Cracker Jack in 1997. The management team of Broaden also recognized that with the increase in competition they have not been able to successfully grow the sales figure in past five years. Also because the Cracker Jack brand has various packaging options and has been maintaining a huge product line of 32 Stock-Keeping Units (SKUs). However, currently Broaden production facility had only 32 percent of space allocated to Cracker Jack Products and has been operating at 32% of its full capacity.Cracker Jack Management believed that the broadened distribution was the most important element of their new strategy. They believed that Broaden sales force and broker/distributor network currently in use should be replaced by a direct-store-deli very sales force. It was believed that a DSD sales force would provide product placement in the grocery DSD snack aisles, which is the highest velocity snack aisles in supermarkets. However, a DSD sales force is more resource intensive than Borden’s present sales and distribution network. Borden Foods management was neither prepared to make the investment required nor equipped to handle a DSD sales force for Cracker Jack given the resource demands of other business opportunities.Problem identification and root causeFrito-Lay is the market leader in the salty snack food production having something different in their products will get a competitive advantage. Cracker Jack as a brand has a 97% awareness with people from the ages of 15 to 60 and a 95% awareness amongst the caramel popcorn users. This was a very well known brand even with a very few advertisements. There are other several reasons which is explained below why Frito-Lay decided to acquire the Cracker Jack. Frito-Lay sales and distribution team were starting to do the research as soon as the Cracker Jack acquisition opportunity became public. It was a great opportunity to fit in Cracker Jack in the existing Frito-Lay sales and distribution infrastructure. The Cracker Jack name registers virtually universal awareness and Cracker Jack has respectable brand equity due largely to its heritage and generally favorable image  foundation.It is a recognized brand with a positive reputation that has lost its momentum in recent years but still has that chance of growing to the peaks. According to the results of Simulated Test Market , almost 50% of the consumers are not buying this product because of no advertisements, non-availability in the area and product quality or value. Here is the best opportunity to improve and re gain that 50 % market share by winning over these customers. This might be one of the major reasons why Frito-Lay decided to acquire the Cracker Jack. Additionally the new division of the sweet snacks can create opportunities for the Frito-Lay by using appropriate existing distribution networks and marketing channels for the new add on product. Addition of Cracker Jack is one of the example of marketing enhancement which will create the additional retail selling points, giving Frito-Lay distribution opportunity in both salty and confectionery.SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong and Reputed Brand Name More Numbers of likes compared to dislikes of the products Brand awareness of 97% amongst the 15-60 years old A 100 years history of existence Huge room for expansion or addition of new products as has 50 manufacturing and processing plants Have tools and infrastructure to work closely with 480,000 retail trade locations weekly. Opportunities Stimulated test market Brand Extension Flavor extension Sales through different channels like small and large scale business. Weakness CJ has too many products SKU numbersThe weak financial position of Cracker Jack which incurred lo sses in 1995 and 1996 CJ increased the price of the product to maintain their net income resulting the Frito-Lay to decrease to remain competitive.Threats Competition Lack of adaptability Internal Developmental costs High price than other.Evaluation of AlternativeCracker Jacks sales will represent a tiny part of the Frito-Lay’s business currently, however the chances are high to get the numbers high from this division if proper decisions are made. Frito-Lay is the leader in the US market concerning market share and sales volume. So they can use their advertising and marketing experience to uplift CJ. CJ should be marketed as a stackable treat which is healthy as of natural ingredients like popcorn. Marketing researchers should focus on the small children as the target market as well. By launching the different sizes and convenient packages to the customers so that they can grab it and go rather than having a box. The CJ should be made available to as many stores as possible b y utilizing the same direct store delivery channels. A careful analysis has to be done to change any features like gifts in each bag and the flavor of the CJ, because that is the major point of CJ and most of the customers are attracted because of that particular features.RecommendationIn my opinion the Borden Foods will sell the company for above 30 million dollars based on the assets it has and the goodwill for the year ending 1996. However the Frito-Lay should only pay around 25 million dollars for acquisitions of the company. Because of the Cracker Jack current market shares and the popularity there is much more work needed to be done so that the product can gain the similar amount of sales figures as other general Frito-Lay products does. Also the price of the product has to be lowered to remain competitive which is another factor for Frito-Lay.

The experience of child-soldiers upon their return in the local Essay - 1

The experience of child-soldiers upon their return in the local communities (Nepal case) - Essay Example Demobilisation is the withdrawal of soldiers from armed groups, and reintegration implies the return of soldiers to civilian life. Reintegration is usually viewed to be an indefinite economic and social mechanism that occurs in communities locally (Wessells, 2006). This essay analyses the experience of child soldiers in Nepal upon their return in the local communities. The first section explains the social and psychological issues of redistributed child soldiers, followed by an analysis of the initiatives taken by the Nepal government and other organisations to help in the process. And the final section presents suggestions for possible alternative approaches. The United Nations considers the return of child soldiers in their local communities a complicated, continuous process that necessitates substantial resources. The urgent task is finding the families of the child soldiers in order to bring them back to their families and communities (Kuper, 1997). Although this may seem easy, it is often filled with difficulties. In numerous cases, the families and communities may have been severely damaged by war, are in dismal financial condition, and cannot take care of or support returning combatants. According to Gates (2010), even though it is at t imes claimed that child soldiers must be capable of regaining their ‘lost childhood,’ this is practically unattainable. The Maoists’ practice of enlisting children for combat or military assistance is one of the most troubling realities of the civil war in Nepal. The Maoists have exploited various methods for recruiting children (e.g. use of misleading campaigns, kidnapping of children) (Aryal, 2011). At the peak of the civil war, in territories strongly ruled by Maoists, the rebels enforced a ‘one family, one child’ policy in which every family had to offer a recruit or suffer serious punishment (Human Rights Watch, 2007, p. 5). The

Policy Paper Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Policy Paper Proposal - Essay Example When countries start equating security and national defense with equipping or stockpiling its weapon reserves, we begin to look for the concealed agenda behind such act. Defense weapons take up a considerable appropriation from the national budget which could be diverted to purposefully serve the common good of its constituents. Yet the United States has continued its current defense system spending with its war against Iraq and terrorism. There is no question about the country's vital interest in security and economic growth; it is every American's moral obligation but to see beyond the influence over weapons of mass destruction creates the skepticism on its exact concept. Japan as a unique homogenous country represents opposing extremes in individual relationships and freedom against the US fondness for multicultural diversity. Delor's1 comparison of Japan's model is based on society's excessive guardianship over the individual in contrast to the American model of individual triumph over society. Both countries as equal foes during WWII have created a fair amount of wariness to warrant an extra-close bilateral relation. Yet, when Japan conducted a significant amount of cooperation with the United States to increase its defense capability under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation2, it was harder to gauge where the possibilities would lead. After September 11, the United States and the Bush Administration had increasingly built enough confidence on an alliance with Japan that has resulted to the best relations of both countries. Currently, there are more than 47,000 US military personnel in Japan who will assume the obligation to maintain and develop the capacity to protect both countries in case of an armed attack on territories under the Japanese administration. In November 2005, the Japanese proposed constitutional revisions that would create a cabinet level Defense Ministry while keeping the old clauses mandating official pacifism. Under the revisions, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF or SDF) would formally be referred to as a military force and the new wording proposed is "in order to secure peace and the independence of our country as well as the security of the state and the people, military forces for self-defense shall be maintained with the prime minister of the cabinet as the supreme commander." The amendment has widespread support and is expected to pass through as a popular referendum3. Japan and US Relations after the WWII To recall, Japan's defeat in WWII created lasting effects on the national consciousness towards the war and military involvement in governmental politics. The devastation brought about by the effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has evoked and attitude that was clearly exhibited by the public's wide acceptance of disarmament and demobilization of military leaders after the war. Dismantling of the Japanese Imperial Army and Navy gained a wide support under General Douglas McArthur. Defeat created a pacifist attitude and sentiment that fostered the 1947 Japanese Constitution which, under Art. IX forever renounces war as an instrument for settling international disputes and declares that "Japan will never again maintain land, sea, or air forces or other war potential". The deprivation any military capability after 1945, created only the US occupation forces and a few domestic police on which to rely for security. The Cold War tension in Europe and Asia coupled with leftist-inspired

Discussion and Respond Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion and Respond - Dissertation Example 2. Response to ‘HC Jobs, How should you Flex?’ Communication is I believe key to working with a wide variety of healthcare professionals and situations. Why I have picked communication as a focal point despite the presence of more complex issues like variable medical beliefs, culturally different expectations and different approaches adopted. This reason is because communication lies at the root of all these other problems. Through effective communication not only can different health professionals compare techniques, discuss medical practices, ask questions but also it aids to resolve complex issues of employee management. 3. Response to Tannenbaum and Schmidt Delegation cannot be categorized as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ but the need for it various from situation to situation and depends on the management style of a leader. Generally it is a key aspect of a managers job as he himself cannot perform all tasks which are assigned to him in a specified time line. In order to meet deadlines a manager needs to delegate authority, which incorporates a division of authority and powers to a subordinate for the purpose to achieving effective results.

Mordern database Managment assignment Four Essay

Mordern database Managment assignment Four - Essay Example Presently there have been extensive growth in the use and development in the database technology. Additionally, this new and advanced technology of the database is used to manage large volumes of organizational and business data. In addition, the utilization of database technology and systems in supporting applications that used to handle the business and query based report production is the basic traditional utilization of this technology. Though, the size as well as volume of data being handled increases new and interesting concerns. Presently this technology is used to facilitate businesses in attaining effective competitive advantage and underlying business processes. This new database technology also helps improve business processes and decision making. Moreover, at the present businesses are using the database based business intelligence systems such as data warehouse, data mining tools, and OLAP technology (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005; Laudon & Laudon, 1999). I have selected the topic which is related to use of data warehousing technology structure implementation at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a world’s largest retail store chain. This paper is written by Patrick  ¨ Ohlinger with title of â€Å"Wal-Mart’s Data Warehouse† This paper can be accessed using following link: http://www.derbaum.com/tu/WalMarts%20DWH.pdf. In this paper Ohlinger (2006) stated that the use of data warehousing technology at Wal-Mart is offering a lot of advantages to its business. The new technology based working structure has offered a lot of business advantages to overall operational management and the business. In this scenario the use of the data warehousing technology offers better support for the analysis of customer buying behavior, which leads to effective formulation of the policies by the Wal-Mart management to present more attractive deals to its customer

Public Opinion and the Global Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Opinion and the Global Culture - Essay Example Another definition, by Angell (1991, in Beerkens, 2006), stresses the social dynamic: â€Å"The world economy has become so highly interdependent as to make national independence an anachronism, especially in financial markets. The interdependence is driven by science, technology and economics – the forces of modernity; and these forces, not governments, determined international relations. Thanks to this interdependence, war between nations is an impossibility.† Beck (2000, p. 86), on the other hand, emphasizes the political implications: â€Å"Globalization – however the word is understood – implied the weakening of state sovereignty and state structures.† Millberg (1998) focuses on the economic: â€Å"Globalization is dominated by transnational firms and financial institutions, operating independently of national boundaries or domestic economic situations.† And most perceptively, by Cerny (1999), on the state promoting globalization:  "However, this does not mean that, once the genie is out of the bottle, globalization is reversible.† Taking the layman’s common understanding of the term, the globalization process has been celebrated worldwide as the inevitable key to international economic progress. Less publicized are its negative repercussions, both economically and culturally, upon populations adversely affected by the movement of goods and capital from wealthy countries to those less wealthy, and movement of groups of people from the poorer, crowded nations to those rich importers of manpower and expertise. Landis (2008) notes that the large influx of people of divergent cultures and backgrounds cause crowding into urban centers, creating social tensions and sometimes open inter-ethnic conflict between host populations and the new entrants. Globalization disrupts local communities and livelihoods. Bathelt and Kappes (2008) examined the merged chemicals firm Aventis, from the German Hoechst and the French